Search results for "Lower respiratory tract infection"

showing 10 items of 12 documents

Ceftazidime-avibactam use for klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing k. pneumoniae infections: A retrospective observational multicenter study

2021

Abstract Background A growing body of observational evidence supports the value of ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) in managing infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Methods We retrospectively analyzed observational data on use and outcomes of CAZ-AVI therapy for infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase–producing K. pneumoniae (KPC-Kp) strains. Multivariate regression analysis was used to identify variables independently associated with 30-day mortality. Results were adjusted for propensity score for receipt of CAZ-AVI combination regimens versus CAZ-AVI monotherapy. Results The cohort comprised 577 adults with bloodstream infections (n = 391) or nonba…

Microbiology (medical)Adultmedicine.medical_specialtyAzabicyclo CompoundcarbapenemasesBacterial ProteinMicrobial Sensitivity TestsNeutropeniaCeftazidimebeta-Lactamasesbeta-LactamaseCarbapenemasecarbapenemaseBacterial ProteinsRetrospective StudieLower respiratory tract infectionInternal medicineDrug CombinationAnti-Bacterial AgentmedicineHumansKPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniaeRetrospective StudiesSeptic shockbusiness.industryCeftazidime-avibactamMicrobial Sensitivity Testceftazidime-avibactamMortality rateCarbapenemases; Ceftazidime-avibactam; KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azabicyclo Compounds; Bacterial Proteins; Ceftazidime; Drug Combinations; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Retrospective Studies; beta-Lactamases; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniaeKPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae; carbapenemases; ceftazidime-avibactammedicine.diseaseCeftazidime/avibactamSettore MED/17KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae; carbapenemases; ceftazidime-avibactam; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azabicyclo Compounds; Bacterial Proteins; Ceftazidime; Drug Combinations; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Retrospective Studies; beta-Lactamases; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniaeAnti-Bacterial AgentsKlebsiella InfectionsDrug CombinationsKlebsiella pneumoniaeInfectious DiseasesCohortPropensity score matchingObservational studybusinessAzabicyclo Compoundsmedicine.drugHumanKlebsiella Infection
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Children, parents and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Palermo, Italy: prevention is primary.

2010

A study was conducted to describe the characteristics of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infection cases occurring in the season 2006—7 in Palermo, Italy, and to evaluate the parents’ knowledge and behaviours concerning prevention and control of acute respiratory infections (ARIs). All children aged between 0 and 2 years, admitted for a lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) between October 2006 and May 2007, were enrolled in the study. Data were collected about demographic and household characteristics. Furthermore, their parents were asked to compile a structured questionnaire on transmission, prevention and management of ARIs in children. A total of 198 children with a diagnosis…

AdultMaleParentsHealth Knowledge Attitudes Practicemedicine.medical_specialtyPediatricsSettore MED/17 - Malattie InfettiveAdolescentmedia_common.quotation_subjectEthnic groupRespiratory Syncytial Virus InfectionsSettore MED/42 - Igiene Generale E ApplicataPediatricschildhood illness epidemiology infection controlYoung AdultHygieneSurveys and QuestionnairesLower respiratory tract infectionEpidemiologyEthnicitymedicineHumansInfection controlYoung adultRespiratory Tract Infectionsmedia_commonRespiratory tract infectionsTransmission (medicine)business.industryAge FactorsInfantmedicine.diseaseRespiratory Syncytial Virusesrespiratory tract diseasesPrimary PreventionItalyPediatrics Perinatology and Child HealthEducational StatusFemalebusiness
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Epidemiological assessment of Respiratory Syncytial Virus infection in hospitalized infants, during the season 2005–2006 in Palermo, Italy

2009

Abstract Objectives Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the leading cause of hospitalization for lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in young children worldwide. We evaluate the epidemiological and clinical patterns of RSV infection in infants hospitalized for LRTI in in Palermo, South Italy, Sicily. Methods We collected the demographic details of infants hospitalized to G. Di Cristina Children's Hospital in Palermo for LRTI between November 2005 and May 2006. We also included all cases occurred in newborns hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) Of Palermo. Results During the studied period, 335/705 hospitalized infants for LRTI were enrolled in the study. The trend …

Pediatricsmedicine.medical_specialtyNeonatal intensive care unitSettore MED/17 - Malattie InfettiveRespiratory tract infectionsMaternal and child healthbusiness.industryvirusesResearchlcsh:RJ1-570Infantlcsh:Pediatricsmedicine.diseaseVirusrespiratory tract diseasesHospitalizationLower Respiratory Tract InfectionLower respiratory tract infectionEpidemiologymedicineRespiratory Syncytial VirusRespiratory systembusinessItalian Journal of Pediatrics
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Respiratory syncytial virus inhibits ciliagenesis in differentiated normal human bronchial epithelial cells: effectiveness of N-acetylcysteine.

2012

Persistent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections have been associated with the exacerbation of chronic inflammatory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This virus infects the respiratory epithelium, leading to chronic inflammation, and induces the release of mucins and the loss of cilia activity, two factors that determine mucus clearance and the increase in sputum volume. These alterations involve reactive oxygen species-dependent mechanisms. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has proven useful in the management of COPD, reducing symptoms, exacerbations, and accelerated lung function decline. NAC inhibits RSV infection and mucin release in human A54…

Viral DiseasesPulmonologyChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseaseslcsh:MedicineMucin 5ACVirus ReplicationAcetylcysteinePulmonary Disease Chronic ObstructiveTubulinRespiratory systemlcsh:ScienceCells CulturedMultidisciplinaryInterleukin-13Microscopy VideoCell DifferentiationForkhead Transcription FactorsFree Radical Scavengersrespiratory systemHost-Pathogen InteractionLower Respiratory Tract InfectionsInfectious Diseasesmedicine.anatomical_structureInterleukin 13Medicinemedicine.symptomResearch Articlemedicine.drugDrugs and DevicesInflammationBronchiRespiratory Syncytial Virus InfectionsBiologyMicrobiologyAntiviral AgentsUpper Respiratory Tract InfectionsmedicineHumansCiliaBiologyInflammationRespiratory Syncytial Virus InfectionA549 cellMucinlcsh:RImmunityEpithelial CellsAxonemal DyneinsEpitheliumAcetylcysteineGene Expression RegulationRespiratory Syncytial Virus HumanRespiratory InfectionsImmunologyRespiratory epitheliumlcsh:QPLoS ONE
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Prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus infection in Italian infants hospitalized for acute lower respiratory tract infections, and association bet…

2002

This study was designed to collect data on the prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in Italy in infants hospitalized for lower respiratory tract infections, and to evaluate which of the recognized risk factors might be associated with disease severity. Thirty-two centers throughout Italy participated in the study. Over a 6-month period (November 1,1999 to April 30, 2000), we evaluated all children2 years of age hospitalized for lower respiratory tract infections. All subjects were tested for RSV within 24 hr of hospitalization by using an immuno-enzymatic diagnostic test (Abbott Testpack, RSV). Logistic regression was used to identify the factors that might be associate…

MalePulmonary and Respiratory Medicinemedicine.medical_specialtyBirth weightGestational AgeRespiratory Syncytial Virus InfectionsSeverity of Illness IndexRisk FactorsLower respiratory tract infectionInternal medicinePrevalencemedicineHumansRisk factorRespiratory Tract InfectionsRespiratory tract infectionsbusiness.industryRespiratory diseasePneumovirusmedicine.diseasePneumoniaItalyBronchiolitisAcute DiseasePediatrics Perinatology and Child HealthImmunologyFemaleTobacco Smoke PollutionBirth OrderbusinessPediatric Pulmonology
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Bulbar impairment score predicts noninvasive volume-cycled ventilation failure during an acute lower respiratory tract infection in ALS.

2015

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients can suffer episodes of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) leading to an acute respiratory failure (ARF) requiring noninvasive ventilation (NIV).To determine whether clinical or functional parameters can predict noninvasive management failure during LRTI causing ARF in ALS.A prospective study involving all ALS patients with ARF requiring NIV in a Respiratory Care Unit. NIV was provided with volume-cycled ventilators.63 ALS patients were included (APACHE II: 14.93±3.56, Norris bulbar subscore (NBS): 18.78±9.68, ALSFRS-R: 19.90±6.98, %FVC: 40.01±18.07%, MIC: 1.62±0.74L, PCF 2.51±1.15L/s, PImax -34.90±19.44cmH2O, PEmax 51.20±28.84cmH2O). In 73…

MaleSeverity of Illness Indexlaw.inventionFEV1/FVC ratiolawLower respiratory tract infectionOutcome Assessment Health CareMedicineHumansTreatment FailureMuscle SkeletalRespiratory Tract InfectionsAgedCOPDNoninvasive VentilationAPACHE IIRespiratory tract infectionsbusiness.industryAmyotrophic Lateral SclerosisRespiratory infectionMiddle Agedmedicine.diseasePrognosisIntensive care unitNeurologyRespiratory failureAnesthesiaAcute DiseaseFemaleNeurology (clinical)businessRespiratory InsufficiencyJournal of the neurological sciences
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Management of infections pre- and post-liver transplantation: Report of an AISF consensus conference

2014

SummaryThe burden of infectious diseases both before and after liver transplantation is clearly attributable to the dysfunction of defensive mechanisms of the host, both as a result of cirrhosis, as well as the use of immunosuppressive agents.The present document represents the recommendations of an expert panel commended by the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver (AISF), on the prevention and management of infectious complications excluding hepatitis B, D, C, and HIV in the setting of liver transplantation.Due to a decreased response to vaccinations in cirrhosis as well as within the first six months after transplantation, the best timing for immunization is likely before transp…

Liver Cirrhosismedicine.medical_specialtyCirrhosismedicine.medical_treatmentLiver transplantationInfectionsInvasive fungal infectionPostoperative ComplicationsBacterial infectionsInvasive fungal infectionsTransplantation ImmunologyLower respiratory tract infectionHumansMedicineSmallpoxVoluntary Health AgenciesIntensive care medicineImmunosuppression TherapyViral infectionsInfection ControlCirrhosiLiver transplantationAttenuated vaccineHepatologybusiness.industryVaccinationHepatitis Bmedicine.diseaseVaccinationTransplantationBacterial infections; Cirrhosis; Invasive fungal infections; Liver transplantation; Viral infections; Humans; Immunosuppression; Infection; Infection Control; Italy; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Transplantation; Postoperative Complications; Transplantation Immunology; Vaccination; Voluntary Health Agencies; HepatologyCirrhosisItalyViral infectionBacterial infections; Cirrhosis; Invasive fungal infections; Liver transplantation; Viral infectionsAISFImmunologyBacterial infectionInfectionbusinessImmunosuppression
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A risk-adapted approach to treating respiratory syncytial virus and human parainfluenza virus in allogeneic stem cell transplantation recipients with…

2017

Here we report the applicability of a protocol based on clinical conditions and risk factors (RFs) for managing 35 allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) recipients who developed a total of 52 episodes of respiratory viral infections (RVIs) caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV; n=19), human parainfluenza virus (HPIV; n=29), or both (n=4) over a 2-year study period. Risk categories were classified as high risk (cat-1) when the immunodeficiency scoring index was >= 3 and/or >= 3 RFs and/or >= 1 co-infective virus(es) were present; the remaining cases were classified as low risk (cat-0). The presence of two or more signs or symptoms including fever (T>38 degrees C…

AdultMale0301 basic medicinemedicine.medical_specialtyrespiratory syncytial virus030106 microbiologyTonsillitisAdministration OralPilot ProjectsRespiratory Syncytial Virus InfectionsAntiviral Agents03 medical and health scienceschemistry.chemical_compound0302 clinical medicineInternal medicineLower respiratory tract infectionRibavirinmedicineHumansECIL-4allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantationhuman parainfluenza virusProspective Studiesrespiratory viral infectionSinusitisimmunodeficiency scoring indexImmunodeficiencyAgedTransplantationParamyxoviridae InfectionsRespiratory tract infectionsbusiness.industryRibavirinHematopoietic Stem Cell TransplantationMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseTransplantationHuman Parainfluenza VirusInfectious DiseaseschemistryImmunologyoral ribavirinFemalebusinessStem Cell Transplantation030215 immunology
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An international perspective on hospitalized patients with viral community-acquired pneumonia

2019

Background Who should be tested for viruses in patients with community acquired pneumonia (CAP), prevalence and risk factors for viral CAP are still debated. We evaluated the frequency of viral testing, virus prevalence, risk factors and treatment coverage with oseltamivir in patients admitted for CAP. Methods Secondary analysis of GLIMP, an international, multicenter, point-prevalence study of hospitalized adults with CAP. Testing frequency, prevalence of viral CAP and treatment with oseltamivir were assessed among patients who underwent a viral swab. Univariate and multivariate analysis was used to evaluate risk factors. Results 553 (14.9%) patients with CAP underwent nasal swab. Viral CA…

PNEUMONIAMaleMultivariate analysisInternationalityPCV13 pneumococcal conjugate vaccineDatabases FactualHospitalized patientsmedicine.medical_treatmentvirusesCAD coronary artery diseaseTesting030204 cardiovascular system & hematologyMRSA methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureusPneumònia adquirida a la comunitatRT-PCR reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactionchemistry.chemical_compound0302 clinical medicineCommunity-acquired pneumoniaTaverne80 and overCommunity-Acquired InfectionViral030212 general & internal medicineProspective StudiesAged 80 and overRIDT rapid influenza diagnostic testCAP community-acquired pneumoniaRSV Respiratory Syncytial virusMiddle AgedICU intensive care unitCommunity-Acquired InfectionsHospitalizationNasal SwabInfectious diseasesFemaleViral swabHumanOseltamivirmedicine.medical_specialtyLogistic ModelCommunity-acquired pneumoniaViral pneumoniaCommunity acquired pneumonia; Influenza; Oseltamivir; Testing; Viral pneumonia; Viral swab; Aged; Aged 80 and over; Antiviral Agents; Community-Acquired Infections; Cross-Sectional Studies; Databases Factual; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Influenza Human; Internationality; Logistic Models; Male; Medication Adherence; Middle Aged; Oseltamivir; Pneumonia Viral; Prospective StudiesPneumonia ViralAdmissionSettore MED/10 - Malattie Dell'Apparato RespiratorioInfluenzavirusAntiviral AgentsVirusArticleMedication AdherenceHMPV human MetapneumovirusDatabases03 medical and health sciencesLRTI lower respiratory tract infectionOseltamivirInternal medicineInfluenza HumanInternal MedicinemedicineInfluenza virusesHumansHIV Human Immunodeficiency virusPPSV23 pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccineIn patientFactualAgedMechanical ventilationAntiviral AgentCross-Sectional Studiebusiness.industryFEV1 forced expiratory volume in one secondGLIMP global initiative for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumoniaESBL extended-spectrum beta-lactamasesPneumoniamedicine.diseaseInfluenzaCommunity acquired pneumoniaCI confidence intervalOR odds ratioCross-Sectional StudiesLogistic ModelschemistryCOPD chronic obstructive pulmonary diseasebusinessCommunity acquired pneumonia ; Influenza ; Oseltamivir ; Testing ; Viral pneumonia ; Viral swab
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Mycoplasma pneumonias distribution, epidemiology and prevalence in a triennial survey.

2005

OBJECTIVES. To evaluate: (1) the incidence of pneumonia monthly distribution; (2) the rate of pneumonitis due to Mycoplasma Pneumoniae; (3) the suitability of choosing an empirical-based antibiotic-therapy; (4) the need of a critical revision of Mycoplasma serological data. PATIENTS AND METHODS. We studied 188 patients admitted to the Palermo University Pediatrics Department, from september 1998 to august 2001, with admission diagnosis of pneumonia. RESULTS. The highest incidence of pneumonia was in december and march as in both months 28 cases occurred in the whole period 1998-2001 (average of 9.3 cases per each month). The highest rate of pneumonias by Mycoplasma Pneumoniae was in may wit…

Lower respiratory tract infections.AdolescentChild PreschoolIncidencePneumonia MycoplasmaPrevalenceHumansInfantMycoplasma PneumoniaeChild
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